Aloe Vera
A succulent whose clear inner leaf gel is a long-time staple of skin and hair care.
Ingredient library
Know what you are taking.
Plain-English notes on the 45 ingredients we highlight, and which products contain them. These notes describe what each ingredient is, not what it will do for you.
45 ingredients
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
A fatty acid compound the body makes in small amounts, also found in foods like spinach.
Arnica
A yellow mountain flower in the daisy family, traditionally used in topical preparations.
Astaxanthin
A red pigment produced by microalgae. It is what gives salmon and shrimp their color.
Bilberry Extract
From a European relative of the blueberry, known for its dark, anthocyanin-rich fruit.
Biotin
Vitamin B7, a water-soluble B vitamin found in foods such as eggs, nuts and seeds.
Cleavers
Galium aparine, a climbing plant used in Western herbal traditions.
Collagen Peptides
Collagen is the main structural protein in the body. Hydrolyzing breaks it into shorter chains called peptides.
Copper
An essential trace mineral, often paired with zinc in formulas because the two interact.
Creatine Monohydrate
The most widely studied form of creatine, a compound stored mainly in muscle tissue.
Dandelion Root
The root of Taraxacum officinale, the familiar yellow-flowered plant, with a long history in herbal traditions.
Digestive Enzymes
Proteins that help break food down. Amylases act on starches, proteases on proteins, lipase on fats, lactase on milk sugar and cellulase on plant fiber.
Folate
Vitamin B9. L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (L-5-MTHF) is its active form.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract
A leaf extract from one of the oldest living tree species, long used in traditional practice.
Hibiscus
The deep red flower of Hibiscus sabdariffa, widely used in herbal teas.
Horsetail
Equisetum arvense, a fern-like plant with jointed, reed-like stems.
Hyaluronic Acid
A sugar-based molecule found naturally in skin and connective tissue, known for holding water.
Iron Bisglycinate
Iron, an essential mineral, chelated to the amino acid glycine.
Juniper Berry
The small, aromatic seed cone of the juniper tree, and the flavor behind gin.
L-Lysine
An essential amino acid, meaning it has to come from food or supplements.
Lactoferrin
An iron-binding protein found in milk and other body fluids.
Lutein
A yellow plant pigment found in leafy greens and egg yolks, and concentrated in the macula of the eye.
Luteolin
A flavonoid found in everyday foods including celery, parsley and green peppers.
Magnesium Bisglycinate
Magnesium, an essential mineral, chelated (bound) to two molecules of the amino acid glycine.
Magnesium Chloride
A magnesium salt that dissolves readily in water, and a common choice for topical products.
Meso-Zeaxanthin
The third macular carotenoid, found at the very center of the macula.
MSM
Methylsulfonylmethane, an organic sulfur compound used in supplements and topical products.
Nettle Extract
From stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), a leafy plant with a long history in herbal traditions.
Omega-3
A family of polyunsaturated fats the body cannot make enough of on its own.
Onion Hydrosol
The aromatic water left over when onion is steam-distilled.
Peppermint Oil
An essential oil from the peppermint plant, known for its cool, fresh feel on skin.
Potassium Chloride
A mineral salt that supplies potassium and chloride, both of which are electrolytes.
Prickly Ash Bark
Zanthoxylum americanum, a North American shrub used in traditional herbal practice.
Red Clover
Trifolium pratense, a flowering plant in the legume family.
Rosemary Oil
An aromatic essential oil distilled from the leaves of the rosemary shrub.
Saffron Extract
From the stigmas of the Crocus sativus flower, the same source as the prized culinary spice.
Selenium
An essential trace mineral found in foods such as Brazil nuts, seafood and whole grains.
Stillingia Root
Stillingia sylvatica, also called queen's root, a plant native to the southeastern United States.
Taurine
An amino sulfonic acid found in meat and fish, and made in small amounts by the body.
Vitamin B12
A B vitamin found mainly in animal foods. Methylcobalamin is one of its active forms.
Vitamin B6
A water-soluble B vitamin. Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P) is its active form.
Vitamin C
A water-soluble vitamin found in citrus, berries and peppers. The body cannot make it.
Vitamin E
A fat-soluble vitamin found in nuts, seeds and vegetable oils.
Zeaxanthin
A close chemical relative of lutein, found in corn and orange peppers, and also present in the macula.
Zinc
An essential trace mineral. The body does not store it, so it needs a regular supply from food.
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Educational information only, not medical advice. Check the label on your product for the complete ingredient list and amounts.
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